Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
2
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
3
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
4
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
Abstract
Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) is a systemic disease of Canidae and Ursidae caused by canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) produces acute necrohemorrhagic hepatitis. The aim of the present study was to throw the light on the humoral and molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical changes that occur in puppies infected with infectious canine hepatitis virus. Liver functions. tests, hematological profile, in addition to histopathological changes were performed.
The study was carried out on fourteen native breed puppies of about three to four months old, apparently healthy, free from internal and external parasites. They were fed balanced diet and adequate water and housed under hygienic conditions in special isolated kennels. The animals were not vaccinated, and found to be free from canine hepatitis antibodies as screened by serum neutralization test. Puppies were divided into two groups, group 1, composed of 11 puppies were experimentally infected group with ICHV, and group 2, composed of 3 puppies were kept as non- infected control group.
The results showed that, CAV-1 was detected in eight infected puppies by PCR showing amplicon of 508 bp sizes at the 1st and 2nd week post viral infection. The infected puppies showed an elevation of serum enzymes activities as ALT, AST, ALP and GGT throughout the experimental period, also serum total protein and serum albumin were decreased at the 3rd and 4th week post infection. Concerning hematological profile the infected puppies showed a decrease of HB, RBCs, platelets and haematocrit throughout the experimental period leading to anemia. The infected puppies showed a decrease of the total leukocytic count throughout the experimental period whereas neutrophils count increased significantly at the 1st week post viral infection then decline to the normal level at the 2nd week and finally decreased below the normal upper limits at the 3rd and 4th weeks. The infected puppies showed a decrease of lymphocytes count at 1st week post viral infection and then rapidly increased at the 3rd and 4th week post viral infection. Moreover, the mean values of monocytes and eosinophils count increased gradually throughout the experimental period.
It was clearly observed from the present study that, PCR procedure is faster, sensitive and easier as diagnostic biomarkers for ICH especially at the acute stage. Moreover, liver functions tests as well as hematological indices were the best diagnostic biomarkers in the chronic stage of ICH.
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