Kafrelsheikh University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal1687-145618220200925The highly incident causes of accidental poisoning in camels and sheep in Saudi Arabia and their economic impact1411506910.21608/kvmj.2020.39496.1005ENMostafa AliElmadawyDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University0000-0002-7174-1370SamyKasemDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, KafrelsheikhAliAl-DoweriejDepartment of Veterinary Health and Monitoring, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Saudi ArabiaMohamedAbdelatifDepartment of animal wealth development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig UniversityM.AbdelwadoodDepartment of toxicology, Quality laboratory,ministry of environment water and agriculture, Saudi ArabiaAmmarMohammedDepartment of toxicology, Quality laboratory,ministry of environment water and agriculture, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200817<strong>Objective</strong>: This study aimed to adequately investigate the most frequent causes of poisoning in camels and sheep in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).<br /> <strong>Methods</strong>: Appropriate data were carefully collected from the recorded animal poisoning cases in the Veterinary Health and Monitoring Department, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), during the period (from 2018 to 2019). All recorded cases were accurately diagnosed with a case history and reported clinical signs as well as definitive confirmation by laboratory analysis of the collected samples.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: From the recorded data of 852 camel and sheep poisoned cases, the results showed that the primary causes of animal poisoning in Saudi Arabia were Cyanogenic glycosides (42.25%), Pesticides (26.76%), Mycotoxins (18.8%), and Drugs (12.2%). These cases were recorded only in 5 geographical regions (Riyadh, Qassim, Makkah, Northern borders, and Eastern province)<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Accidental toxicity in camel and sheep in KSA was mainly caused by Cyanogenic glycosides, Pesticides, Mycotoxins, and Drug toxicity. The frequent reasons for possible toxicity should be minimized through active veterinary extension.https://kvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115069_7caea2849434cdc93c7fd0b6ea01ffcc.pdfKafrelsheikh University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal1687-145618220200925Prevalence and virulence characteristics of Aeromonas species isolated from fish farms in Egypt5811527410.21608/kvmj.2020.115274ENDinaKishkDepartment of Food Hygiene (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityNader Y.MoustafaDepartment of Food Hygiene (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityGhada A.KirrellaDepartment of Food Hygiene (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityJournal Article20200808<strong>Background/Objective</strong>: Fish is one of the most valuable food for human consumption. However, fish may also act as a source of foodborne pathogens including Aeromonas species which caused a serious threat to a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and virulence characteristics of Aeromonas species isolated from fish farms in Egypt.<br /> <strong>Methods</strong>: A total of 100 random samples of freshwater fish represented by Nile tilapia and Mugil cephalus (50 of each) were collected from different fish farms in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate and examined bacteriologically and biochemically for the presence of Aeromonas species. Multiplex PCR was done to detect some virulence-associated genes in <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> isolates.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: The obtained results revealed that the incidence of Aeromonas species in Nile tilapia and Mugil cephalus were 32 (64%) and 25 (50%), respectively. The most prevalent Aeromonas species isolated from Nile tilapia were <em>Aeromonas caviae</em> 13 (40.6%), <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> 8 (25%), <em>Aeromonas sobria</em> 7 (21.9%), <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> 3 (9.4%), and <em>Aeromonas fluvialis</em> 1 (3.1%), while from fresh Mugil cephalus were <em>Aeromonas sobria</em> 11 (44%), <em>Aeromonas caviae</em> 7 (28%), <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> 5 (20%), and <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> 2 (8%). The isolated <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> concealed some virulence genes responsible for their pathogenicities such as aerolysin gene (<em>aerA</em>) and cytotonic enterotoxin gene (<em>altA</em>).<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The hygienic measures should be applied to prevent fish contamination with Aeromonas species.https://kvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_115274_354853705af12954543f90e214e6e94e.pdfKafrelsheikh University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal1687-145618220201009Prevalence oF Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk and some dairy products91311785110.21608/kvmj.2020.39992.1009ENAzza M.K.SobeihDepartment of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptIbrahimAL-HawaryDepartment of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Dean of Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptElsayedKhalifaAnimal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh Branch, EgyptNahlaEbiedAnimal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh Branch, EgyptJournal Article20200821<strong>Objective</strong>: This study was performed to detect and identify members of Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk, yoghurt and ice cream to assess their hygienic quality.<br /> <strong>Methods</strong>: A total number of 200 samples distributed as follows:100 raw milk, 25 small and 25 large scale plain yoghurt, and 25 small and 25 large scale ice cream samples collected from different localities at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate and examined for Enterobacteriaceae count and identification of members.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 84% of examined raw milk samples (with mean count of 1.02x10<sup>6</sup> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 1.98x10<sup>5</sup> cfu/ml), 40% and 32% of examined small and large scale plain yoghurt samples (with mean value of 6.95x10<sup>3</sup> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 4x10<sup>3 </sup>and 1.57x10<sup>3</sup> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 8.95x10<sup>2</sup> cfu/g), while detected in 64% and 20% of examined small and large scale ice cream samples (with mean count of 1.02x10<sup>4 </sup><span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 4.13x10<sup>3</sup> and 1.4x10<sup>3</sup> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">+</span> 8.26x10<sup>2</sup> cfu/g). The most frequent members isolated were <em>Hafnia alive </em>(30.95%), <em>E. coil </em>(44.44%), and<em> Serratia marcescens</em> (57.14%) from positive raw milk, yoghurt, and ice cream samples, respectively. Other members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from positive samples at different percentages.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Presence of members of Enterobacteriaceae is a reliable index of fecal contamination and the possibility of the presence of associated enteric pathogenic organisms. So, it is recommended to specify Enterobacteriaceae as a sanitary index of milk and dairy products in the Egyptian food acts and regulations.https://kvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_117851_e086ae61905b4861371f0803f8e797c6.pdfKafrelsheikh University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal1687-145618220201012Detection of Brucella organisms from Egyptian raw milk using cultural and molecular techniques141911832410.21608/kvmj.2020.39842.1007ENIbrahimAmanDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptIbrahimAL-HawaryDepartment of Fish Processing and Biotechnology, Dean of Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptNashwaHelmyAnimal Health Research Institute, El-Doki, EgyptAhmedEL-GushiAnimal Health Research Institute, El-Doki, EgyptJournal Article20200819Aim: This study aimed to detect Brucella organisms in Egyptian raw milk using cultural and molecular techniques.<br />Methods: Two hundred bulk milk samples were collected from 2 cities at El-Gharbia and Kafer El-Sheikh Governorates during the summer and winter seasons. All samples were examined by the traditional cultural method and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All positive isolates were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping using monospecific antisera also examined by multiplex PCR primers for more identification.<br />Results: Samples collected in summer seasons from the two cities showed no colonies characteristic to Brucella organisms while in winter season five samples showed positive characteristic features of Brucella organisms after culturing on Brucella specific media. Using qRT-PCR, 43 samples (13 in summer and 30 in winter) were positive for Brucella organisms. All positive RT-PCR samples and isolated strains were examined for the detection of the virulence genes Ure, bvfA and virB using conventional PCR. Ure, bvfA and virB were detected in 88%, 79% and 74% of milk samples and 100%, 80% 100% of isolates, respectively.<br />Conclusion: These results suggested that the use of the specific PCR assay is a rapid, reliable, and accurate technique in comparison to traditional methods for the detection of Brucella species in milk samples.<br /> https://kvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_118324_2ddfab5da173e3622149b410179ba495.pdfKafrelsheikh University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal1687-145618220201029Influence of liquid enzymes supplementation on growth performance, blood parameters and muscle fatty acids in broilers202412078010.21608/kvmj.2020.45613.1012ENSaadEldamarawyDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptMahmoud SGhalabDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptTalaatEl-RayesDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptAhmedSalehDepartment of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, EgyptJournal Article20201001<strong>Objective</strong>: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liquid enzyme supplementation to drinking water on growth performance, plasma lipids and muscle fatty acids profile in broilers.<br /> <strong>Methods</strong>: One hundred and twenty one-day old broilers were divided into four groups (30 birds), each group included three replicates of 10 chicks. The first group was control without any additives supplementation in feed or water. The second, third and fourth groups were supplemented in drinking water with 2, 4, and 8 ml/ L water of Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) liquid enzyme, respectively.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: Body weight and body weight gain were increased by 8 ml/ L water liquid enzyme supplementation. Feed intake was decreased and thus, feed conversion was significantly improved. The addition of NSP liquid enzymes in water did not affect the carcass, muscle relative weights, while abdominal fat relative weight was significantly decreased by the addition of 8ml/L NSP enzymes in drinking water. Spleen weight was increased. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly decreased following the addition of 8ml/L NSP enzymes. Plasma HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased. Liver MDA and muscle palmitic acid concentration were decreased, however, alpha-linolenic acid was increased by liquid enzyme supplementation.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It could be concluded that liquid enzyme supplementation to drinking water improved growth performance, modified plasma lipids and muscle fatty acids profile in broilers.https://kvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_120780_b85c67f010ac24007ff92892e9b9688d.pdfKafrelsheikh University; Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal1687-145618220201030Thymoquinone attenuates dimethoate induced hepatic and testicular genotoxicity in rats253212082010.21608/kvmj.2020.40514.1010ENFatmaZakzookDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityHanaaHegazyDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityTarekYosefDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityGhadaGomaaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh UniversityJournal Article20200825<strong>Background</strong>: Dimethoate (DM) is an organophosphate insecticide widely used on crops in Egyptian fields. DM has many toxic impacts on non-target organisms especially mammals.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate therole of thymoquinone (TQ) against DM-induced hepatic and testicular subchronic genotoxicity.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> Forty- eight rats were randomly divided into 6 groups each of eight animals. Group 1 served as the normal control received distilled water; Group 2 was given DM; Group 3 received DM+TQ; Group 4 was treated by TQ; Group 5 was supplemented with DM+ olive oil (as a vehicle); and Group 6 was given olive oil. Oxidative/antioxidant status was assessed by quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Genotoxicity and apoptosis in the liver and testis were evaluated using the comet assay and immunohistochemical expression of caspase3 and Bax, respectively.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Significant DNA damage, marked histopathological changes in liver and testis, intense nuclear and cytoplasmic immune-expression of caspase 3 and Bax, significant decreases in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in DM-treated rats as compared to the control group. Concomitant treatment of TQ with DM drastically alleviated all the above-mentioned alterations.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings suggest that TQ exhibits an outstanding ameliorative role against DM-induced hepatic and testicular genotoxicity in rats through the mitigation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.https://kvmj.journals.ekb.eg/article_120820_d023f667344c855f1c3b2aa10680fea0.pdf