Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Animal Health Research Institute (Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt)
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the cause of diarrhea among frezian calves,haematological and biochemical effects of diahrroea as well as evaluate the effect of gentamycin sulphate and sulphamix on treatment of diarrhea.58 frezian-calves aged from 10-30 days,weighting40-60 kg body weight belonged to a private farm at Sharkia Province were involved in this investigation for isolation and identification the causativ agent of diarrhea in newlly born calves.28 Calves from the above calves were divided into four equal groups. .First group was clinically healthy calves free from internal and external parasite (control group),second group was calves suffering from diahrroea due to bacterial causes and treated by gentamycin sulphate and Rehydro–Zinc,third group was calves suffering from diahrroea due to cryptosporidia and treated by sulphamix and Rehydro–Zinc,fourth group was calves suffering from diahrroea due to mixed infection (bacterial and cryptosporidia causes)and treated by gentamycin sulphate and sulphamix Rehydro–Zinc.Faecal blood samples were collected from control and infected calves before and after treatment by 10,20 and30days post treatment for bacteriological, haematological and biochemical analysis.
Bacteriological and parasitological investigations of faecal swabs indicated that E. coli, proteus sp., klebsiella sp.and mixed infection (E.Coli and proteus sp-E.Coli and klebsiella sp.) in percentage of 20.69% ,13.79% ,10.34% ,6.90% and 12.07% respectively, Moreover cryptosporidium sp.was found in (36.20%)in diarrhoeic calves, either alone (13.79%) or mixed with bacteria( E.coli and Cryptospordium sp. 6.90% Proteus sp and Cryptospordium sp.10.34% Klebsiella sp .and Cryptospordium sp. 5.17%).
Antibiogram studies reveald that the activity of gentamycin and other antibiotic disc in vitro against previous isolated bacteria from diarrhoeic calves either alone or mixed infection by disc diffusion test,showed that the gentamycin was the highest effective than other tested drugs.
Haemogram picture of diarrhoeic calves due to bacteria or crytospor-idia induce significant increase in erythrocytic count,haemoglobin content,packed cell volume percent, Meanwhile leukogram picture of diarrhoeic calves due to bacteria revealed revealed significant increase in total leukocytic count, eosinophils and significant decrease in monocytes coupled with insignificant increase in neutrophils,lymphocyte and basophil. but diarrhoeic calves due to crytosporidia and mixed infection induce a significant increase in total leukocytes count and lymphocytes but induce insignificant increase in neutrophils and insignificant decrease in monocytes , eosinophils and basophil.
The present work revealed that,diarrhoeic calves showed a significant elevation in the transaminases enzymes (AST-ALT) alkaline phosphatase, urea,creatinine and potassium but significant decrease in glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, inorganic phosphorus ,magneisum and sodium but albumin /globulin ratio in signifi- cantly decreased were observed in diarrhoeic calve due to bacterial , crytosporidia and mixed infection but change of biochemical parameter due to mixed infection is more severe.
Excellent improvement in clinical symptoms,blood picture and blood serum constituents were observed following treatment with gentam-ycin with Rehy- dro zinc and sulphamix with Rehydro–Zinc either alone or in combination .
bacterial, crytosporidial and mixed infection induce some adverse effect on blood picture and biochemical parameters but mixed infection induce severe changes. The adverse effect on blood picture and biochemical parameters were returned to the normal levels at 30 days post treatment by gentamycin and sulphamix either alone or together.
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